so we're here we have a model of the
head and neck I think inside the head
you can see the skull and in the neck
you can see the seven cervical vertebra
but we can see the skull much more
clearly if we take away these soft
tissues and just leave the bone of the
skull and that's what we see on this
level here so here we're looking at the
skull and firstly we notice that we have
facial bones at the front and as a
return the scroll around we can see that
these cranial bones are enclosing the
cranial cavity
and the cranial cavity of course
contains the brain in life and we can
open the top of this skull and we can
see the cranial cavity from the inside
so this is the top part of the cranial
cavity and here we see the markings
inside the top part of the cranial
cavity it looks a bit like a river
system and these indentations in life
contain the meningeal arteries and the
top part of the brain would sit in this
top part of the cranial cavity
and then we can see the rest of the
cranial cavity here we notice the large
hole in the base of the skull the
foramen magnum where the medulla
oblongata gives rise to the spinal cord
so in life the spinal cord is sitting
here immediately below the foramen
magnum where it's communicating with the
brain inside the cranial cavity and
looking into the bottom part of the
cranial cavity we noticed that there are
anterior fossa middle fossa and
posterior fossa and in life the frontal
lobes of the brain will sit in the
frontal fossa the temporal lobes of the
brain will sit in the middle fossa and
the cerebellum will sit in the posterior
fossa
we noticed thee orbit the orbital cavity
well of course the eyes are located and
we also notice the nasal cavities but we
can see the bones of the skull more
clearly on this colored model again we
notice the facial bones and the cranial
bones and this is nicely color-coded so
we can see the individual bones so the
lower jaw in white is the mandible the
upper jaw in orange and the area of the
face round here this is the maxilla in
Brown here we have the nasal bones the
nose of course would extend further in
life but this part the front of the nose
will be cartilaginous he will delayed of
cartilage in purple we have the
zygomatic bones one here and one here
there's Uyghur matic bones and then here
I think we can probably see the smallest
bone in the skull it's more this facial
bone that's the lacrimal bone and in
life the lacrimal sac sits just in here
in this small fossa here and what the
lacrimal sac does is it clicks the tears
and passes them into the nasal cavity
now behind we have the yellow bone here
in the orbit behind the lacrimal bone
and that is the ethmoid bone at the
front of the cranial cavity we have the
large frontal bone at the side in brown
we have the temporal bone
in green on the sides we have the
parietal bones and at the back we have
the occipital bone and you will have
noticed that the names of these bones in
the cranial cavity have the same names
as the underlying lobes of the brain
frontal parietal temporal occipital and
I think just before we open the cranial
cavity we'll look at the joins between
the bones so here we have a line between
the frontal bone and the parietal bone
and these lines are fixed fibrous joints
between the bones and they're called the
suture lines and the join between the
frontal bones or the frontal bone and
the parietal bones this suture line here
is called the coronal suture so the
coronal suture is between the frontal
and the parietal bones here we can see
the suture line between the two parietal
bones the suture line along here and
that's called the sagittal suture so the
sagittal suture is the joint between the
two parietal bones on the side we have
the suture line between the temporal
bone and the parietal bone and this
suture line is called the squamous
suture between the parietal and the
temporal bones and at the back we have a
suture line between the parietal and the
occipital bone and the suture line
between the parietal and the occipital
bone is called the lambdoid suture so
the lambdoid suture is the joint between
the parietal and the occipital bones
now it's very interesting of course to
open the cranial cavity and see the
individual bones inside here first of
all the top part of the skull we see the
occipital in blue the parietal in green
and the frontal bone in light brown and
looking inside we actually see that
there's a red bone here and that red
bone is the sphenoid bone the sphenoid
bone and that's actually connecting
quite a few of the bones of the skull
together this sphenoid bone in yellow we
can actually see part of the ethmoid
bone that we noticed inside the orbital
cavity before in green we notice the
parietal bones frontal bone light brown
occipital bone
light blue
and of course the temporal bones in the
darker brown the bones of the cranial
cavity surrounding the brain and I think
the last thing I'll show you on this
model is the dentition the teeth
thirty-two teeth in a healthy adult
sixteen on the top sixteen on the bottom
and starting in the middle we notice
that there's two incisors then this one
that sticks down a bit further is called
the canine or the cuspid tooth to three
molars and three molars one two three of
course is the same on the bottom this
arrangement of two incisors one cost
void two premolars and three molars and
on this side of the model we see the
part of the mandible has been removed to
show us the roots of the teeth and here
is an abnormality this third molar has
failed to move up properly and that has
actually become somewhat impacted we
sometimes call these impacted wisdom
teeth they might need to be removed if
they become painful but otherwise they
can usually be left in situ
so the bones of the skull facial bones
cranial bones